KB Home Introduces Denali in Mountains Edge

LAS VEGAS--(BUSINESS WIRE)--KB Home (NYSE: KBH), one of the nation's largest and most recognized

homebuilders, today announced the grand opening of Gardens

and Vistas

at Denali located within Sprinkler System Installation Mountain's Edge, a master-planned community

with extensive amenities in southwest Las Vegas.



Conveniently situated near Interstate 15 and Cactus Road, KB Home's

Denali neighborhoods are just a short drive to the Las Vegas Strip,

close to major employment centers, shopping and entertainment. Local

landmarks like The Arroyo Market Square--an expansive outdoor shopping

mall featuring a host of stores, restaurants and other properties--and

Red Rock Canyon, are also nearby.

Residents at KB Ho me's Gardens and Vistas at Denali will be able to

enjoy a community pool, gym, and playground, with the added peace of

mind of a private, gated neighborhood.



The eight two-story KB homes available at Gardens and Vistas at Denali

range in size Sprinkler System Installation from 1,558 to 2,807 square feet, and can be built with as

many as five bedrooms, four baths, and three-car garages. Distinguished

by open layouts, large great rooms and spacious loft areas, the flexible

floor plans include many desirable design features and can be tailored

to suit each homebuyer's individual preferences. Pricing begins in the

low-$200,000s.

KB homes at Denali https://ambler.temple.edu/arboretum are also designed to be highly energy- and

water-efficient, equipped with a variety of features such as smart USB

outlets, surface mounted LED lights and WaterSense labeled fixtures

that can help conserve usage and lower utility bills for KB homeowners

compared to typical new or resale homes.

KB Home's Gardens and Vistas at Denali are now open in southwest Las

Vegas. For more information, visit www.kbhome.com

or call 888-KB-HOMES.

About KB Home

KB Home is one of the largest and most recognized homebuilders in the

United States and an industry leader in sustainability, building

innovative and highly energy- and water-efficient new homes. Founded in

1957 and the first NYSE-listed homebuilder (ticker symbol: KBH), the

company has built nearly 600,000 homes for families from coast to coast.

Distinguished by its personalized homebuilding approach, KB Home lets

each buyer choose their lot location, floor plan, dcor choices, design

features and other special touches that matter most to them. To learn

more about KB Home, call 888-KB-HOMES, visit www.kbhome.com

or connect on Facebook.com/KBHome

or Twitter.com/KBHome.

http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160225005529/en/KB-Home-Introduces-Denali-Mountains-Edge

At home. - Free Online Library

At Home is proud to be in Mississippi, with locations in Jackson,

Hattiesburg, and Gulfport. At Home is the home decor superstore that

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COPYRIGHT 2017 Downhome Publications, Inc.



No Home Improvement College Station portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.

Copyright 2017 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.





https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Athome.-a0495033779

How to Till a Garden in Spring

Many have been eagerly awaiting Spring so they could plant their vegetable garden. As soon as the soil can be worked, the garden can be tilled. Tilling the garden needs to be done correctly to benefit the health of the garden and resulting harvest.

Credit: wikimedia.org: by Ras67

Things You Will Need

Stakes

Lawn Mower

Tiller

Safety Glasses

Garden Gloves

Compost



Composted Manure

Organic Materials

First de termine if the soil is ready to be tilled. Test for warmth by sticking a finger into the ground, if your finger becomes uncomfortably cold, wait until it warms up. Test to see if soil is too damp. If it is sticky and clumps do not crumble when poked with your finger, it is too wet. Tilling before the soil is ready leads to compaction which causes drainage and aeration problems.



Rid the area of all rocks and debris that the rototiller will encounter. If the area is a new garden site, stake off the area. Mow the grass as low as possible to make it easier. If it is an existing area where a winter cover crop was planted, mow the crop as low as possible. The intensity of your task will determine the appropriate rototiller for your needs. Stores such as Ace Hardware, Lowes and Home Depot will http://www.american -lawns.com/grasses/augustine.html have one to suit your needs. You can also rent them.

Spread compost, composted manure, organic materials and fertilizer over the Sprinkler System Installation Fort Worth area. This will be mixed down into the soil, you should aim for a depth of 12 inches. Don't mix in fertilizer if planting more than two weeks later as the fertilizer will leech out.

Avoid compaction developing in the soil by completing one row at a time. Do not rush the machine, take the time to make sure everything Sprinkler System is mixed into the soil at the desired depth.

Work as if you were mowing the yard and do not go back over the row. Double tilling also leads to compaction later on.

Tips & Warnings

Wear gloves, appropriate footwear, clothing and safety glasses while using a rototiller to prevent injuries.

http://www.infobarrel.com/How_to_Till_a_Garden_in_Spring

Irrigation business reigns as farmers fight drought

Extreme drought conditions across the country are turning irrigation systems into big business. A mix of dry, scorching weather has irrigation equipment in high demand. According to reports, revenues are up a third or more at leading firms. In parts of Georgia, it's more common than not http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/10-best-yard-landscaping-ideas to see a farm with an irrigation system installed.

"2010 came along and temperatures were 100 degrees without much rain," said Georgia farmer Steve Doster. "We didn't make much cotton. It was pretty much a disaster."

Doster and his brother run their family farm in Pinehurst, Ga. This is his 20th season, andhe isfeeling the pain of the drought -- not just with the cotton, but his peanut crop, too.

"The last two years, our peanut crop has been a total loss; I mean, we harvested very few acres the last few year s -- it's been destroyed," he said. It was a total loss."

Chuck Ellis, the extension coordinator for the University of Georgia in Dooly County, Ga., says it's not just the Dosters' farm that is getting irrigated; it's much of the county and farm regions across the state of Georgia.

"If it rains like it used to -- or it's supposed to -- a normal rainfall, whatever that is, then I guess you can make a living on a farm without irrigation if it did that every year," Ellis said. "The trend seems to be we're having Sprinkler System Installation Arlington more and more dry years. I think irrigation is becoming more of a necessity."

In 2008, farmers spent a whopping $2.1 billion to install, maintain and upgrade systems.



In Indiana, the number of registered new wells is growing at the fastest rate in two de cades.

"I know it levels out crop yields, it levels out cash flow, it makes the bankers happy," Ellis said. "They like to see the folks who borrow money from them have irrigation and actually they love it when they got a history of what they can actually do with the water and yields on their farm."

A report from climate experts in July says the Midwest was in the middleof the worst drought in 25 years and the lack of water has wide-ranging effects on everyone. If the crops do not get water -- we do notget produce on our kitchen table. According to the most recent federal data from 2008, about 94 Sprinkler System Installation percent of the nation's four major commodity crops -- corn, soybeans, wheat and cotton -- are grown on farmland that relies on rain for moisture.

Elton Sharp, the owner of Sharp Systems, has been in the irrigation business for 30 years. Not only are these his lifelong friends that are suffering, the influx of business can be frustrating because he wants to take time off -- something he just cannot do.



"It's not every day, but I haven't gotten up to 100 calls a day," Sharp said. "The last two years has been extremely busy -- some of the busiest in the past 30 years."

He says without irrigation, it's almost impossible for farmers to grow a crop that can be profitable.

"Twenty years ago we were trying to convince people that they need them, and now we just need to convince them we have the right pivot for them," Sharp said.

Elizabeth Prann currently serves as a Washington-based correspondent for Fox News Channel (FNC). She joined the network in 2006 as a production assistant. Click here for more information on Elizabeth Prann.

http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/07/22/irrigation-business-reigns-as-farmers-fight-drought.html

Irrigation sprinkler

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



impact sprinkler head in action

Irrigation sprinklers are sprinklers providing irrigation to agriculture, crops, vegetation, or for recreation, as a cooling system, or for the control of airborne dust, landscaping and golf courses. The sprinkler system irrigates the field and thus it is widely used in sandy areas as it checks the wastage of water through seepage and evaporation. Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrig ation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and operating conditions must be designed to enable a uniform application of water.

Contents

1 Types

1.1 Industrial

1.2 Residential

1.3 Underground Sprinkler

1.4 Agricultural Science

2 Use

3 Health risks from aerosols

4 Gallery

5 See also

6 References

7 External links

Types

Industrial

Sprinklers that spray in a fixed pattern are generally called sprays or spray heads. Sprays are not usually designed to operate at pressures , due to misting problems that may develop.

Higher pressure sprinklers that themselves move in a circle are driven by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism (impact sprinklers). These can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle.

Rainguns are similar to impact sprinkler, except that they generally operate at very high pressures of 40 to 130lbf/in (275 to 900 kPa) and flows of 50 to 1200 US gal/min (3 to 76 L/s), usually with nozzle diameters in the range of 0.5 to 1.9inches (10 to 50mm). In addition to irrigation, guns are used for industrial applications such as dust suppression and logging.

Many irrigation sprinklers are buried in the ground along with their supporting plumbing, although above ground and moving sprinklers are also common. Most irrigation sprinklers operate through electric and hydraulic technology and are grouped together in zones that can be collectively turned on and off by actuating a https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRbW3ayDWVQ solenoid-controlled valve.

Residential



An oscillating sprinkler is commonly used to water residential lawns, and is moved as needed.



Home lawn sp rinklers vary widely in their size, cost, and complexity. They include impact sprinklers, oscillating sprinklers, drip sprinklers, and underground sprinkler systems. Small sprinklers are available at home and garden stores or hardware stores for small costs. These are often attached to an outdoor water faucet and are placed only temporarily. Other systems may be professionally installed permanently in the ground and are attached permanently to a home's plumbing system. An ingenious domestic sprinkler made by Nomad called a 'set-and-forget tractor sprinkler' was used in Australia in the 1950s. Water pressure ensured that the sprinkler slowly moved across a lawn.[1]

Permanently installed systems may often operate on timers or other automated processes. They are occasionally installed with retractable heads for aesthetic and practical reasons (making damage during lawn mowing or other maintenance less likely). These often are programmed to operate on a schedule and irrigate a pi ece of land in zones.[2]

Underground Sprinkler

Underground sprinklers function through means of basic electronic and hydraulic technology. This valve and all of the sprinklers that will be activated by this valve are known as a zone. Upon activation, the solenoid, which sits on top of the valve is magnetized lifting a small stainless steel plunger in its center. By doing this, the activated (or raised) plunger allows air to escape from the top of a rubber diaphragm located in the center of the valve. Water that has been charged and waiting on the bottom of this same diaphragm now has the higher pressure and lifts the diaphragm. This pressurized water is then allowed to escape down stream of the valve through a series of pipes, usually made of PVC (higher pressure commercial systems) or polyethylene pipe (for typically lower pressure residential systems). At the end of these pipes and flush to ground level (typically) are pre measured and spaced out sprinklers. These sp rinklers http://www.kmart.com/lawn-garden-watering-hoses-sprinklers/b-24499 can be fixed spray heads that have a set pattern and generally spray between 1.5-2m (7-15ft.), full rotating sprinklers that can spray a broken stream of water from 6-12m (20-40ft.), or small drip emitters that release a slow, steady drip of water on more delicate plants such as flowers and shrubs. use of indigenous materials also recommended.[3]

Agricultural Science

Center pivot irrigation sprinkler nozzles, used in crop irrigation



Rotator style pivot applicator sprinkler



End Gun style pivot applicator sprinkler

The first use of sprinklers by farmers was some form of home and golf course type sprinklers. These ad hoc systems, while doing the job of the buried pipes and fixed sprinkler heads, interfered with cultivation and were expensive to maintain. In the 1950s a firm based in Portland, Oregon Stout-Wyss Irrigation System, developed the rolling pipe type irrigation system for farms that has become the most popular type for farmers irrigating large fields. With this system large wheels attached to the large pipes with sprinkler heads move slowly across the field.[4]

Use

Most irrigation sprinklers are used as part of a sprinkler system, consisting of various plumbing parts, pump unit,[5] piping and control equipment. Outdoor sprinkler systems are sometimes used as a deterrent against homeless people. This sprinkler system was programmed to drench unsuspecting sleepers at random times during the night. Local businessmen soon copied this system in an effort to drive homeless people away from public sidewalks adjacent to their businesses.[6]

Health risks from aerosols

In 2014, it was reported that use of common garden hoses in combination with spray nozzles may generate aerosols containing droplets smaller than 10 ?m, which can be inhaled by nearby people. Water stagnating in a hose between uses, especially when warmed by the sun, can host the growth and intera ction of Legionella and free-living amoebae (FLA) as biofilms on the inner surface of the hose. Clinical cases of Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever have been found to be associated with inhalation of garden hose aerosols containing Legionella bacteria. The report provides measured microbial densities resulting from controlled hose conditions in order to quantify the human health risks. The densities of Legionella spp. identified in two types of hoses were found to be similar to those reported during legionellosis outbreaks from other causes. It is proposed that the risk could be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRbW3ayDWVQ mitigated by draining hoses after use.[7]

Gallery



An underground sprinkler system about to be installed



Irrigation sprinkler watering crops.







Irrigation sp rinkler



An oscillating sprinkler watering a lawn



A overhead sprinkler



Sprinkler for children

Play media

An irrigation sprinkler in action



Crop sprinklers near Rio Vista, California

See also

Drip irrigation

Irrigation

Sprinkler system timer

References

^ The Ride family's 'Nomad' brand tractor lawn sprinkler, National Museum of Australia

^ Sprinkler 101

^ Howser, Huell (November 8, 2010). "Rainbird - California's Gold (12002)". California's Gold. Chapman University Huell Howser Archive.

^ Irrigation Pipe On Wheels Move Across Fields, July 1950 Popular Science, bottom of page 114

^ "CHAPTER 5. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2016-08-26.

^ Davis, Mike (2006). City of Quartz: Excavating th e Future in Los Angeles. London: Verso. p.233. ISBN978-1-84467-568-5.

^ Thomas, Jacqueline M.; Thomas, Torsten; Stuetz, Richard M.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J. (2014). "Your Garden Hose: A Potential Health Risk Due toLegionellaspp. Growth Facilitated by Free-Living Amoebae". Environmental Science & Technology. 48 (17): 10456-10464. ISSN0013-936X. doi:10.1021/es502652n.

External links

The dictionary definition of irrigation sprinkler at Wiktionary

Media related to Irrigation sprinkler at Wikimedia Commons

v

t

e

Garden tools

Averruncator

Axe

Chainsaw

Cultivator

Daisy grubber

Dibber

Earth auger

Edger

Garden fork

Garden hose

Grass shears

Grass stitcher

Hedge trimmer

Hoe

Hori hori

Irrigation sprinkler

Lawn aerator

Lawn mower

Lawn sweeper

Leaf blower

Loppers

Machete

Mattock

Pickaxe

Pitchfork

Plough (plow)

Post hole digger

Potting bench

Pruning shears (secateurs)

Rake

Rid dle

Rotary tiller

Scythe

Shovel

Sickle

Spade

String trimmer

Trowel

Watering can

Weeder

Wheelbarrow

v

t

e

Hydroculture

Types

Aeroponics

Aquaponics

Aquascaping

Hydroponics

passive

Subtypes

Aquatic garden

Bottle garden

Deep water culture

Ebb and flow

Fogponics

Microponics

Nutrient film technique

Organic hydroponics

Organopnicos

Sub-irrigated planter

Top drip

Substrates

Charcoal

Coco peat

Diatomaceous earth

Expanded clay aggregate

Gravel

Growstones

Lava rock

Mineral wool

Perlite

Pumice

Rice hulls

Sand

Vermiculite

Wood fibre

Accessories

Grow light

Hydroponic dosers

Irrigation sprinkler

Leaf sensor

Net-pot

Spray nozzl e

Timers

Ultrasonic hydroponic fogger

Water chiller

Related concepts

Algaculture

Aquaculture of coral

Aquaculture of sea sponges

Controlled-environment agriculture

Historical hydroculture

Hydroponicum

Paludarium

Plant nutrition

Plant propagation

Rhizosphere

Root rot

Vertical farming

Water aeration

Commons

Wikibooks

Wikiversity

Authority control

NDL: 00571727



Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irrigation_sprinkler&oldid=767837811"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation_sprinkler

'Water cops' seek sprinkler scofflaws in drought-parched California| Reuters

By Sharon Bernstein

| SACRAMENTO Calif.

SACRAMENTO Calif. It was still dark on Kokomo Drive in Sacramento's Natomas district as Paul Brown edged his city-issued Honda Civic past a row of beige stucco houses with tiny front lawns, looking for water wasters.

He heard the scofflaws before he saw their lush green lawns amid the otherwise parched turf. The buzz of a sprinkler system gave them away on a day that the city, desperate to save water amid California's ongoing drought, had forbidden watering.

"If I can get a good picture - if there's a lot of water - I'll cite them," he said.

California is in the third year of a devastating Sprinkler System Installation Greenville drought that has led farmers to fallow nearly half a million acres of cropland, threatened fish hatcheries and shrunk drinking water supplies for some communities.

To get people to conserve, many municipalities and reg ional water agencies have hired "water cops" like Brown to enforce state conservation rules.

Cities have even asked people to turn their neighbors in, and some have created smartphone apps to make the process easier.

Brown, 46, a father of four who was hired by the city as a meter reader, said he picked this area because he has fielded numerous complaints from neighbors about water wasters.

Camera and citation book in hand, he parked the car a few houses down and got out, walking swiftly to the house where the sprinklers were on. A flash illuminated the building's facade, then all was dark again.

Brown headed back to the car and wrote up the citation. A check of his laptop showed that the residents had not been cited before, so instead of a fine of up to $500, they would get a warning. On a second offense, they would have to attend a meeting on how to save water. Third time, a fine.

The city of Sacramento has about a half-dozen employees enforcing conservation rules. Like Brown, they go out on Friday mornings before dawn, patrolling neighborhoods. When they're not patrolling, they field phone calls from residents turning in their neighbors, hopping in their cars to check out serious reports on the spot.

Water use in the city dropped 25 percent in August over the same month in 2013, the most recent month for which information is available, state data showed.

Statewide, residents and businesses cut water use by 11.5 percent in August over the comparable 2013 period, enough to fill nearly 40,000 Olympic-size swimming pools.

Felicia Marcus, chairwoman of the State Water Resources Control Board, credits new rules and tougher enforcement with much of the change.

"Regulations make better results than voluntary exhortations," she said. "People want http://www.bhg.com/ to know that everybody else is doing it."



In August, the water resources board implemented statewide rules that prohibit watering gardens enough to cause visible runoff, hosing down driveways or asphalt, and operating non-recirculating fountains.

Regulators also Sprinkler System Installation Greenville allowed municipalities to set mandatory cutbacks and levy fines against those who do not comply.

In Los Angeles, the city has received 4,400 reports of water wasters this year, resulting in 2,200 warning citations, said Michelle Vargas, a spokeswoman with the Los Angeles Dep artment of Water and Power.

L.A. has kept one water cop on the beat full-time since the state's last big drought in 2009, but it added three more this summer after the new statewide regulations went into effect.

The Southern California city of Long Beach is offering residents a water-waster app for their smartphones, making snitching quick and easy by allowing users to report neighbors and businesses for hosing down sidewalks, watering during the heat of the day or having a break or leak in their water lines.



Sometimes, Brown says, reports from vindictive neighbors lead him to visit a property only to find that no violation has taken place.

"I tell them I'm not going to cite you just because they call on you," said Brown, who carefully documents every case with photographs and a brief report. "There has to be evidence."

(Editing by Douglas Royalty)

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-california-drought-idUSKCN0I80CX20141019

Better Homes and Gardens Offers Free Admission to Gardens In Support Of National Public Gardens Day On May 11, 2012

KENNETT SQUARE, Pa.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--In celebration of the Nation's public gardens, leading home and

lifestyle magazine Better

Homes and Gardens is offering consumers a free admission

pass to visit their local public gardens on Friday, May 11, 2012. The

result of a partnership between the American Public Gardens

Association (APGA) and irrigation product and service provider Rain

Bird, National Public Gardens Day was created to further awareness

of the important role public gardens play in promoting environmental

stewardship, plant and water conservation, and education, as well as

serving as an inspiration to gardeners everywhere.

In support of a nationwide effort to motivate people to explore and

learn more about their local Sprinkler System Installation public gardens, Better Homes and

Gardens, an exclusive media partner for Nation al Public Gardens Day,

is offering a pass for two free adult admissions to participating public

gardens on their website at www.bhg.com/npgd.

Visitors can locate participating gardens in their area via the website

and download free admission passes for two adults.

"Better Homes and Gardens helps readers to create beautiful

outdoor spaces and gardens to enrich their homes and lives," said Gayle

Butler, editor in chief, Better Homes and Gardens. "Public

gardens are a wonderful resource for further inspiration and we are

excited to provide the opportunity for our readers to experience these

national treasures firsthand."

Many of the APGA's 500 member institutions, including botanical gardens,

arboreta, conservatories, educational gardens, museum gardens and

historical gardens, will celebrate National Public Gardens Day with

varied activities and events for schools, families and thousands of

visitors. Activities will continue throughout Mother's Day weekend so

that visitors can enjoy the beauty of the gardens and learn about each

garden's commitment to environmental stewardship, education, research

and to the communities they serve.

"Better Homes and Gardens has demonstrated tremendous support for

public gardens through this offer," said Casey Sclar, interim executive

director of the American Public Gardens Association. "The readers of Better

Homes and Gardens will now have the opportunity to spend a day at

their local garden and witness how gardens educate and inspire

garden-lovers who want to create their own beautiful gardens at home.

Make sure to take advantage of these free passes and visit bhg.com."

For more information on National Public Gardens Day, visit www.NationalPublicGardensDay.org,

"LIKE" the National Public Gardens Day Facebook

page and follow the National Public Gardens Day Twitter feed, @NPGD.

About Better Homes and Gardens

Reaching 40 million readers every month, the Better Homes and Gardens

brand extends across the web, tablet, mobile, broadcast, broadband and

numerous licensed products, serving and connecting women who are

passionate about their homes and the lives they create there. Better

Homes and Gardens inspires women Sprinkler Installation to dream and gives them the

confidence to move from dreaming to doing. For more information, visit

bhg.com, or join conversations on facebook.com/mybhg and

pinterest.com/bhg.

ABOUT APGA



Founded in 1940, Pennsylvania-based American Public Gardens Association

is an organization devot ed to strengthening the public gardens

throughout North America. With over 70 years of work increasing

cooperation and awareness among the gardens, APGA has built a membership

of more than 500 public gardens located in all 50 states, the District

of Columbia, Canada and seven other countries. Their members include

public gardens as well as arboreta and zoos. APGA has also built up an

international network of individual members in the U.S., Canada and 24

other countries. The APGA is committed to raising public awareness about

public gardens and the important role that they play in their

communities. APGA is committed to advancing public gardens as a force

for positive change in their communities through leadership, advocacy

and innovation. www.publicgardens.org



ABOUT RAIN BIRD

Headquartered in Azusa, Calif., Rain Bird Corporation is the world's

leading manufacturer and provider of irrigation products and services.

From simple beginnings in 1933, Rain Bird now offers the industry's

broadest range of irrigation products for farms, golf courses, sports

arenas, commercial developments and http://www.countryliving.com/gardening/garden-tours/g1432/landscaping-ideas/ homes, available in more than 130

countries. Rain Bird has been awarded hundreds of patents, including the

first in 1935 for the impact sprinkler. Rain Bird's philosophy called

The Intelligent Use of Water is about using water wisely. Its

commitment extends beyond products to education, training and services

for the industry and the community. Rain Bird maintains state-of-the-art

manufacturing facilities around the world. www.rainbird.com.

http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120417006598/en/Homes-Gardens-Offers-Free-Admission-Gardens-Support

Irrigation sprinkler

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



impact sprinkler head in action



Irrigation sprinklers are sprinklers providing irrigation to agriculture, crops, vegetation, or for recreation, as a cooling system, or for the control of airborne dust, landscaping and golf courses. The sprinkler system irrigates the field and thus it is widely used in sandy areas as it checks the wastage of water through seepage and evaporation. Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and operating conditions must be designed to enable a uniform application of water.

Contents

1 Types

1.1 Industrial

1.2 Residential

1.3 Underground Sprinkler

1.4 Agricultural Science

2 Use

3 Health risks from aerosols

4 Gallery
< br>5 See also

6 References

7 External links

Types

Industrial

Sprinklers that spray in a fixed pattern are generally called sprays or spray heads. Sprays are not usually designed to operate at pressures , due to misting problems that may develop.

Higher pressure sprinklers that themselves move in a circle are driven by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism (impact sprinklers). These can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle.

Rainguns are similar to impact sprinkler, except that they generally operate at very high pressures of 40 to 130lbf/in (275 to 900 kPa) and flows of 50 to 1200 US gal/min (3 to 76 L/s), usually with nozzle diameters in the range of 0.5 to 1.9inches (10 to 50mm). In addition to irrigation, guns are used for industrial applications such as dust suppression and logging.

Many irrigation sprinklers are buried in the ground along with their supporting plumbing, although above ground and moving sprinklers are also common. Most irrigation sprinklers operate through electric and hydraulic technology and are grouped together in zones that can be collectively turned on and off by actuating a solenoid-controlled valve.

Residential



An oscillating sprinkler is commonly used to water residential lawns, and is moved as needed.

Home lawn sprinklers vary widely in their size, cost, and complexity. They include impact sprinklers, oscillating sprinklers, drip sprinklers, and underground sprinkler systems. Small sprinklers are available at home and garden stores or hardware stores for small costs. These are often attached to an outdoor water faucet and are placed only temporarily. Other systems may be professionally installed permanently in the ground and are attached permanently to a home's plumbing system. An ingenious domestic sprinkler made by Nomad called a 'set-and-forget tractor sprinkler' was used in Australia in the 1950s. Water pressure ensured that the sprinkler slowly moved across a lawn.[1]

Permanently installed systems may often operate on timers or other automated processes. They are occasionally installed with retractable heads for aesthetic and practical reasons (making damage during lawn mowing or other maintenance less likely). These often are programmed to operate on a schedule and irrigate a piece of land in zones.[2]

Underground Sprinkler

Underground sprinklers function through m eans of basic electronic and hydraulic technology. This valve and all of the sprinklers that will be activated by this valve are known as a zone. Upon activation, the solenoid, which sits on top of the valve is magnetized lifting a small stainless steel plunger in its center. By doing this, the activated (or raised) plunger allows air to escape from the top of a rubber diaphragm located in the center of the valve. Water that has been charged and waiting on the bottom of this same diaphragm now has the higher pressure and lifts the diaphragm. This pressurized water is then allowed to escape down stream of the valve through a series of pipes, usually made of PVC (higher pressure commercial systems) or polyethylene pipe (for typically lower pressure residential systems). At the end of these pipes and flush to ground level (typically) are Sprinkler Installation Denton pre measured and spaced out sprinklers. These sprinklers can b e fixed spray heads that have a set pattern and generally spray between 1.5-2m (7-15ft.), full rotating sprinklers that can spray a broken stream of water from 6-12m (20-40ft.), or small drip emitters that release a slow, steady drip of water on more delicate plants such as flowers and shrubs. use of indigenous materials also recommended.[3]

Agricultural Science

Center pivot irrigation sprinkler nozzles, used in crop irrigation



Rotator style pivot applicator sprinkler



End Gun style pivot applicator sprinkler

The first use of sprinklers by farmers was some form of home and golf course type sprinklers. These ad hoc systems, while doing the job of the buried pipes and fixed sprinkler Sprinkler System Denton heads, interfered with cultivation and were expensive to maintain. In the 1950s a firm based in Portland, Oregon Stout-Wyss Irrigation System, developed the rolling pipe type irrigation system for farms that has become the most popular type for farmers irrigating large fields. With this system large wheels attached to the large pipes with sprinkler heads move slowly across the field.[4]

Use

Most irrigation sprinklers are used as part of a sprinkler system, consisting of various http://www.yellowbook.com/s/landscaping/buffalo-ny/ plumbing parts, pump unit,[5] piping and control equipment. Outdoor sprinkler systems are sometimes used as a deterrent against homeless people. This sprinkler system was programmed to drench unsuspecting sleepers at random times during the night. Local businessmen soon copied this system in an effort to drive homeless people away from public sidewalks adjacent to their businesses.[6]

Health risks from aerosols

In 2014, it was reported that use of common garden hoses in combination with spray nozzles may generate aerosols containing droplets smaller than 10 ?m, which can be inhaled by nearby people. Water stagnating in a hose between uses, especially when warmed by t he sun, can host the growth and interaction of Legionella and free-living amoebae (FLA) as biofilms on the inner surface of the hose. Clinical cases of Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever have been found to be associated with inhalation of garden hose aerosols containing Legionella bacteria. The report provides measured microbial densities resulting from controlled hose conditions in order to quantify the human health risks. The densities of Legionella spp. identified in two types of hoses were found to be similar to those reported during legionellosis outbreaks from other causes. It is proposed that the risk could be mitigated by draining hoses after use.[7]

Gallery



An underground sprinkler system about to be installed





Irrigation sprinkler watering crops.





Irrigation sprinkler



An oscillating sprinkler watering a lawn



A overhead sprinkler



Sprinkler for children

Play media

An irrigation sprinkler in action



Crop sprinklers near Rio Vista, California

See also

Drip irrigation

Irrigation

Sprinkler system timer

References

^ The Ride family's 'Nomad' brand tractor lawn sprinkler, National Museum of Australia

^ Sprinkler 101

^ Howser, Huell (November 8, 2010). "Rainbird - California's Gold (12002)". California's Gold. Chapman University Huell Howser Archive.

^ Irrigation Pipe On Wheels Move Across Fields, July 1950 Popular Science, bottom of page 114

^ "CHAPTER 5. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2016-08-26.

^ Davis, Mike (2006). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. London: Verso . p.233. ISBN978-1-84467-568-5.

^ Thomas, Jacqueline M.; Thomas, Torsten; Stuetz, Richard M.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J. (2014). "Your Garden Hose: A Potential Health Risk Due toLegionellaspp. Growth Facilitated by Free-Living Amoebae". Environmental Science & Technology. 48 (17): 10456-10464. ISSN0013-936X. doi:10.1021/es502652n.

External links

The dictionary definition of irrigation sprinkler at Wiktionary

Media related to Irrigation sprinkler at Wikimedia Commons

v

t

e

Garden tools

Averruncator

Axe

Chainsaw

Cultivator

Daisy grubber

Dibber

Earth auger

Edger

Garden fork

Garden hose

Grass shears

Grass stitcher

Hedge trimmer

Hoe

Hori hori

Irrigation sprinkler

Lawn aerator

Lawn mower

Lawn sweeper

Leaf blower

Loppers

Machete

Mattock

Pickaxe

Pitchfork

Plough (plow)

Post hole digger

Potting bench

Pruning shears (secateurs)

Rake

Riddle

Rotary tiller

Scythe

Shovel

Sickle

Spade

String trimmer

Trowel

Watering can

Weeder

Wheelbarrow

v

t

e

Hydroculture

Types

Aeroponics

Aquaponics

Aquascaping

Hydroponics

passive

Subtypes

Aquatic garden

Bottle garden

Deep water culture

Ebb and flow

Fogponics

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Nutrient film technique

Organic hydroponics

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Sub-irrigated planter

Top drip

Substrates

Charcoal

Coco peat

Diatomaceous earth

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Gravel

Growstones

Lava rock

Mineral wool

Perlite

Pumice

Rice hulls

Sand

Vermiculite

Wood fibre

Accessories

Grow light

Hydroponic dosers

Irrigation sprinkler

Leaf sensor

Net-pot

Spray nozzle

Timers

Ultrasonic hydr oponic fogger

Water chiller

Related concepts

Algaculture

Aquaculture of coral

Aquaculture of sea sponges

Controlled-environment agriculture

Historical hydroculture

Hydroponicum

Paludarium

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Root rot

Vertical farming

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Electricians in short supply as construction booms.

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIcal subcontracting firms find Electrician Service College Station it hard these

days to keep their manpower up to speed with the available amount of

work. For that reason, most firms on Arkansas Business' lists of

largest subcontractors http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/electrical/ saw small increases in revenue, though the

increases weren't nearly as drastic as what might have been if

manpower weren't an issue.



But it's not just the abundance of work straining the

industry--it's the growing number of contracting firms fighting for

qualified employees.



"There are simply more electrical contractors than there are

electricians to do the work," said Bob Killion, executive vice

president of Marrs Electric Inc. in Springdale. "The training is

there. The thing is, in this market, the work has come about so quickly

that it's been difficult to get all of the training requirements

met in a timely enough fashion to put them to work."



According to Killion, electricians end up spending between 600 and

700 hours in the classroom over four years, and they need 8,000 hours on

the job to qualify to take a journeyman's test.



"When all that work starts coming in and your quantity of work

is greater than your quality of people to do it, then all of a sudden

you're lagging behind," Killion said. "I mean everybody

statewide is seeing the same thing right now."



But too much work is better than limited work, as Killion said the

business goes in trends and might be on the other end of the spectrum in

as little as a decade. < br>


The hurricane destruction along the Gulf Coast also lured a limited

number of qualified electricians away, but not nearly as many as some

feared.

"There are electricians who are always on the move to where

the money is," Killion said. "Fortunately, I don't think

Arkansas had to deal too much with that--maybe further south, but not

much from what I've been hearing."



Mechanical Match



Multi-Craft Contractors Inc. of Springdale stayed at the top of the

mechanical subcontractors list and moved up two spots to the top of the

electrical subcontractors list by increasing total revenue by nearly $13

million. No doubt the increase was partly due to the company landing

remodeling contracts with Tyson Foods Inc. of Springdale and the Clorox Co. in Searcy, along with Multi-Craft not losing any of its list-leading

350 total employees.



Not only did Multi-Craft stay atop the mechanical subcontractors

list, but the company also saw the largest increase in revenue by nearly

$10 million.



The rest of the companies on the mechanical subcontractors list

stayed the same in the rankings, though Comfort Systems USA Inc. of

Fayetteville saw the second-largest revenue increase at nearly $7.5

million.



Both Middleton Heating & Air Electrician Service College Station of Bryant and Mountain Mechanical

Contractors Inc. of Fayetteville saw a work force increase of about 20

but no significant change in revenue.



It's Electric





The list of mechanical subcontractors may be unchanged, but the

electrical subcontractors were on the move.



I-K Electric of Little Rock can be blamed for shaking up the list

the most, mainly because last year's No. 1 opted not to report its

revenue this year, automatically moving it from first to worst.



The company did report it had lost about 55 employees since its

reported $18 million revenue in 2004.



Multi-Craft topped the electrical list with a nearly $3 million

revenue increase, while Central Industrial Electrical Co. of North

Little Rock remained virtually unchanged at No. 2. CIECO reported an

increase of $300,000 in revenue from $14 million to $14.3 million after

picking up big cont racts with Pulaski Technical College of North Little

Rock and Heifer International of Little Rock.



Marrs Electric Inc. jumped from No. 7 to No. 4 and increased its

revenue from $5.6 million in 2004 to $7.1 million in 2005.



"Some years you're able to land the bigger contracts and

some years you're not," Killion said. "2005 was a good

year for some big projects for us."



https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Electriciansinshortsupplyasconstructionbooms.-a0143828637